E 8 – GRAMMAR & EXERCISES – HK2 - 2013
I. The uses of tenses : (cách sử dụng thì)
Câu khẳng định:

THÌ
CÔNG THỨC
TRẠNG TỪ

1. Simple Present

-I, We, You, They + Vo
-He, She, It + Vs / es
( Be -> Am/ Is/ Are )
Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely,
every (day, week, year, …)

2. Simple Past

-S + Ved / 2

Yesterday, ago, in (1990),
last (night, week, year,…)

3. Simple Future

-I, We + Shall + Vo
-S + Will
Tomorrow, next (week, year,…), in(2010), …

4. Present Continuous

-I + Am
-He, She, It + Is + V-ing
-We, You, They + Are
Now, rightnow, at the moment, while + th/ gian ở hiện tại,
At present, Look !, Listen !

5. Past Continuous

-I, He, She, It + Was
-We, You, They + Were
At (10 a.m yesterday),
While + th/ gian ở quá khứ

6. Present Perfect
-I, We, You, They + Have
-He, She, It + Has
Since, for(+th/ gian), just, yet, already, ever, never, recently,…


7. Past Perfect


-S + Had + Ved/ 3
Before, by the time ,
After, …


Câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn:

THÌ
CÂU PHỦ ĐỊNH
CÂU NGHI VẤN

1. Simple Present
S + Do + Not + Vo
+ Does
Do + S + Vo … ?
Does (V:động từ thường)

2. Simple Past
S + Did + Not + Vo

Did + S + Vo … ?
(V:động từ thường)

3. Simple Future
S + Will + Not + Vo
Shall
Will + S + Vo … ?
Shall

4. Present Cont.
S + Am + Not + V-ing
Is/ Are
Am + S + V-ing … ?
Is/ Are

5. Past Cont.
S + Was + Not + V-ing
Were
Was + S + V-ing ... ?
Were

6. Present Perfect
S + Have + Not + Ved/ 3
Has
Have + S + Ved/ 3 … ?
Has

7. Past Perfect
S + Had + Not + Ved/ 3
Had + S + Ved/ 3 … ?


Thì hiện tại đơn : +Ves khi động từ tận cùng là S, Sh, Ch, X, O, Z
Ex: He watches T.V every night.

II. Passive Voice: (Thể bị động)
General Formation :(Công thức tổng quát)

Active:
( Ved/ 3 = Past participle )
Passive: ( Be: chia cùng thì với động từ chính V
của câu chủ động )

Công thức thể bị động của các thì:

Tên thì
Passive voice

1. Hiện tại đơn
S + Am/ Is/ Are + Ved/ 3 + By O


2. Quá khứ đơn
S + Was/ Were + Ved/ 3 + By O


3. Modals
( will/ shall/ can/ may/ must/ would/ should/ could/ might …)
S + Will + Be + Ved/ 3 + By O
Shall
Can …

4. Hiện tại tiếp diễn
S + Am/ Is/ Are + Being + Ved/ 3 + By O


5. Quá khứ tiếp diễn
S + Was/ Were + Being + Ved/ 3 + By O


6. Hiện tại hoàn thành
S + Has/ Have + Been + Ved/ 3 + By O


III. Comparison: ( So sánh )
So sánh bằng:
Ex: - He is as tall as his friend.
- John drives as carefully as Tom.

So sánh hơn:

Ex: - He is taller than his friend.
John drives more carefully than Tom


So sánh nhất:


Ex : - This is the longest river in the world.